Healthcare services play a critical role in preventing or delaying cognitive decline and dementia by providing treatment for underlying risk factors. Better access to healthcare resources such as medical facilities, physicians, and nurses in one’s community may contribute to early detection and treatment of dementia risks, as well as promote resilience for those living with dementia through increased utilization of care services.

Safety and emergency services contribute to the surveillance, preparedness, and responsiveness to natural and human-made disasters, such as fire, floods, or infectious disease outbreaks. By alerting about and responding promptly to hazardous environments and incidents, these services may protect people from being exposed to dangerous conditions that may contribute to cognitive decline. Safety and emergency services also improve the safety of individuals living with dementia who are more vulnerable to the adverse environment and require additional support.

Long-term care services comprise home-based, community-based, and institutional care services for aging adults. Home- and community-based services — including family caregiving, home health aides, adult day services, and respite care — help people with dementia function and remain in their homes. Institutional care services, like nursing home care, are provided in a residential setting where people receive both medical and custodial services. Coordination among long-term care entities is especially important for sustainable and comprehensive care to meet the needs of people living with dementia.

Social support and engagement promote better cognitive function. Senior and civic services include activities that facilitate social support and engagement, such as community gardening, meal delivery, exercise programs, and financial management. Support provided by these services may contribute to resilience for people living with dementia and their caregivers while they manage challenges related to functional decline and caregiving.